Google Translate Origin of the Family Name Flores

Island of the Lesser Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia

Flores

Native proper noun: Pulau Flores
Topography of Flores
Geography
Location	Oceania
Coordinates	8°40′29″Southward 121°23′04″Due east  /  8.67472°S 121.38444°East  / -8.67472; 121.38444 Coordinates: eight°40′29″S 121°23′04″East  /  viii.67472°S 121.38444°Eastward  / -viii.67472; 121.38444
Archipelago	Lesser Sunda Islands
Area	13,540 km2 (5,230 sq mi)[1]
Surface area rank	60th
Length	354 km (220 mi)
Width	66 km (41 mi)
Highest elevation	2,370 m (7780 ft)
Highest indicate	Poco Mandasawu
Administration
Republic of indonesia
Province	East Nusa Tenggara
Largest settlement	Maumere (popular. 70,000)
Demographics
Population	i,831,000 (2010)
Pop. density	135/km2 (350/sq mi)

Flores island (Indonesian: Pulau Flores) is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. The population was 2,039,373 in the 2020 Census (including various offshore islands) and the largest towns are Maumere and Ende. The proper name Flores is the Portuguese word for "Flowers".

Flores is located east of Sumbawa and the Komodo islands, and west of Lembata Island and the Alor Archipelago. To the southeast is Timor. To the south, across the Sumba Strait, is Sumba island and to the north, beyond the Flores Ocean, is Sulawesi.

Among all islands containing Indonesian territory, Flores is the 10th most populous afterward Java, Sumatra, Borneo (Kalimantan), Sulawesi, New Republic of guinea, Bali, Madura, Lombok, and Timor and also the 10th biggest island of Indonesia.

Until the arrival of mod humans, Flores was inhabited by Homo floresiensis, a pygmy primitive human being.

Etymology [edit]

Dissimilar most islands in the Indonesian archipelago, the modernistic name Flores was given by the Portuguese, from Cabo das Flores (Cape of Flowers), the Portuguese term for the eastern part of the island. This role of the island, originally called Kopondai, was so named past the Portuguese because of the flowering Delonix regia trees found there.^[ii] The original name of Flores was Nipa, referring to the ophidian.

History [edit]

Human floresiensis [edit]

Before the arrival of mod humans, Flores was occupied by Man floresiensis, a pygmy archaic human.^[3] Remains of nine individuals take been constitute,^{[four] [5]} and the dominant consensus is that these remains do represent a singled-out species due to anatomical differences from modern humans.^[6] The most recent bear witness shows that Homo floresiensis probable became extinct fifty,000 years agone.^[vii]

Modern history [edit]

Indigenous warrior from Ende, Flores.

Portuguese traders and missionaries came to Flores in the 16th century, mainly to Larantuka and Sikka. Their influence is all the same discernible in Sikka's language, culture and religion. The offset Portuguese visit took identify in 1511, through the expedition of António de Abreu and his vice-helm Francisco Serrão, en route through the Sunda islands.

The Dominican order was extremely of import in this isle, as well equally in the neighbouring islands of Timor and Solor. When in 1613 the Dutch attacked the Fortress of Solor, the population of this fort, led by the Dominicans, moved to the harbor town of Larantuka, on the eastern coast of Flores. This population was mixed, of Portuguese and local islanders descent and Larantuqueiros, Topasses or, as Dutch knew them, the 'Black Portuguese' (Zwarte Portugezen).

The Larantuqueiros or Topasses became the dominant sandalwood trading people of the region for the next 200 years. This group used Portuguese as the language for worship, Malay equally the linguistic communication of trade and a mixed dialect as mother tongue. This was observed by William Dampier, an English privateer visiting the Island in 1699:

These [the Topasses] have no Forts, merely depend on their Alliance with the Natives: And indeed they are already so mixt, that information technology is hard to distinguish whether they are Portuguese or Indians. Their Language is Portuguese; and the organized religion they have, is Romish. They seem in Words to admit the King of Portugal for their Sovereign; even so they volition not accept any Officers sent past him. They speak indifferently the Malayan and their own native Languages, too as Portuguese.^[8]

In the western part of Flores, the Manggarai came nether the control of the sultanate of Bima, in eastern Sumbawa; the Dutch effectively established their administration over western Flores in 1907 while in 1929, the Bimanese sultanate ceded whatsoever control over Manggarai.

In 1846, Dutch and Portuguese initiated negotiations towards delimiting the territories just these negotiations led nowhere. In 1851 Lima Lopes, the new governor of Timor, Solor and Flores, agreed to sell eastern Flores and the nearby islands to the Dutch in return for a payment of 200,000 Florins in lodge to support his impoverished administration. Lima Lopes did so without the consent of Lisbon and was dismissed in disgrace, but his agreement was not rescinded and in 1854 Portugal ceded all its historical claims on Flores. After this, Flores became part of the territory of the Dutch Eastward Indies.

During Globe War II a Japanese invasion strength landed at Reo on 14 May 1942 and occupied Flores.^[9] Afterwards the state of war Flores became part of independent Indonesia.^[8]

On 12 December 1992, an convulsion measuring 7.8 on the Richter scale killed two,500 people in and around Maumere, including islands off the north declension.

In 2017 two men were killed in Flores due to land disputes between warrior clans; the Mbehel, a West Manggarai mountain tribe, and the Rangko from Sulawesi island who helped build Manggarai and were given land about Labuan Bajo past the Manggarai male monarch.^[x]

Assistants [edit]

Flores is role of the East Nusa Tenggara province. The island along with smaller minor islands are split into eight regencies (local government divisions); from w to eastward these are: Manggarai Barat (West Manggarai),^[eleven] Manggarai (Central Manggarai), Manggarai Timur (East Manggarai), Ngada, Nagekeo, Ende, Sikka and Flores Timur (E Flores).^[12] Flores has 38.3% of the East Nusa Tenggara provincial population equally of 2020^[update], and is the largest of all islands in the province, with the greatest population.

Regency Name	Upper-case letter	Est.	Statute	Area (kmii)	Population 2010 Census [13]	Population 2020 Census [fourteen]
West Manggarai Regency	Labuan Bajo	2003	UU 8/2003	2,947.50	221,430	256,317
Manggarai Regency	Ruteng	1958	UU 69/1958	1,545.97	292,037	312,855
East Manggarai Regency	Borong	2007	UU 36/2007	2,502.24	252,754	275,603
Ngada Regency	Bajawa	1958	UU 69/1958	1,620.92	142,254	165,254
Nagekeo Regency	Mbay	2007	UU 2/2007	one,416.96	129,956	159,732
Ende Regency	Ende	1958	UU 69/1958	2,046.62	260,428	270,763
Sikka Regency	Maumere	1958	UU 69/1958	i,731.92	300,301	321,953
E Flores Regency	Larantuka	1958	UU 69/1958	one,812.85	232,312	276,896
Flores	*			xv,624.98	1,831,472	two,039,373

The main towns on Flores are Maumere, Ende, Ruteng, Larantuka and Bajawa, listed with their populations at the 2020 Demography.^[15]

• Maumere, 87,720 inhabitants
• Ende, 87,269 inhabitants
• Ruteng, 41,533 inhabitants
• Larantuka, 40,828 inhabitants
• Bajawa, 39,442 inhabitants

Flora and animate being [edit]

The west coast of Flores is 1 of the few places, bated from the isle of Komodo itself, where the Komodo dragon tin can be establish in the wild, and is part of Komodo National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Kelimutu National Park is the second national park designated on Flores to protect endangered species. The Flores giant rat is also endemic to the island, and Verhoeven'due south giant tree rat was formerly present. These behemothic rodents are considered examples of island gigantism.

Flores was also the habitat of several extinct dwarf forms of the proboscidean Stegodon, the well-nigh recent (Stegodon florensis insularis) disappearing approximately 12,000 years ago.^[16] The presence of Trigonoceps vultures indicates that the island diameter mammalian carnivores at some betoken.^[17]

Culture [edit]

Saint Angela Church in Labuan Bajo

There are many languages spoken on the isle of Flores, all of them belonging to the Austronesian family unit. In the due west Manggarai is spoken; Riung, often classified as a dialect of Manggarai, is spoken in the due north-central part of the island. In the eye of the island in the districts of Ngada, Nagekeo, and Ende at that place is what is variously called the Central Flores dialect chain or linkage. Within this surface area there are slight linguistic differences in virtually every village. At least half dozen carve up languages are identifiable. These are from west to east: Ngadha, Nage, Keo, Ende, Lio and Palu'eastward, which is spoken on the isle with the aforementioned proper name of the north coast of Flores. Locals would probably too add together And so'a and Bajawa to this list, which anthropologists have labeled dialects of Ngadha. To the e, Sika and Lamaholot tin be constitute.

The native peoples of Flores are mostly Roman Catholic Christians, whereas near other Indonesians are Muslim. As a outcome, Flores may be regarded as surrounded by a religious border. The prominence of Catholicism on the island results from its colonisation by Portugal in the east and early 20th-century support by the Dutch in the westward.^[xviii] In other parts of Indonesia with significant Christian populations, such as the Maluku Islands and Sulawesi, the geographical split is less rigid and Muslims and Christians sometimes live side by side. Flores thereby also has less religious violence that has sporadically occurred in other parts of Indonesia. In that location are several churches on the isle. On 26 May 2019, Flores' St. Paul Catholic University of Indonesia was formally inaugurated by Indonesian Educational activity Minister Mohamad Nasir, becoming the beginning Cosmic University in Flores.^[19] Aside from Catholicism, Islam likewise has a presence on the isle especially in some littoral communities.

Tourism [edit]

The virtually famous tourist allure in Flores is the 1,639-metre-high (5,377-human foot) Kelimutu volcano, containing three colored lakes, located in the district of Ende close to the town of Moni, although in that location is as well the Inierie volcano near Bajawa. These crater lakes are in the caldera of a volcano, and fed by a volcanic gas source, resulting in highly acidic h2o. The colored lakes modify colors on an irregular basis, depending on the oxidation state of the lake^[20] from bright ruby-red through light-green and blue.

There are snorkelling and diving locations along the north coast of Flores, most notably Maumere and Riung. Notwithstanding, due to the destructive practise of local fishermen using bombs to fish, and locals selling shells to tourists, combined with the after effects of a devastating tsunami in 1992, the reefs have slowly been destroyed.

Labuan Bajo, located on the western tip is oftentimes used by tourists as a base of operations to visit Komodo and Rinca islands. Labuan Bajo also attracts scuba defined, as whale sharks inhabit the waters effectually Labuan bajo.

The Luba and Bena villages include traditional houses in Flores. Bena is also noted for its Stone Historic period megaliths.

Larantuka, on the isle's eastern finish, is known for its Holy Week festivals.

In recent years, local tourist firms around Kelimutu have begun promoting cycling tours around Flores, some of which take upward to five or six days depending on the particular program.^[21]

Economy [edit]

In addition to tourism, the primary economic activities on Flores are agriculture, line-fishing and seaweed production. The primary food crops beingness grown on Flores are rice, maize, sweetness potato and cassava, while the master cash crops are coffee, coconut, candle nut and cashew.^[22] Flores is ane of the newest origins for Indonesian coffee. Previously, most Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) from Flores was blended with other origins. Now, demand is growing for this coffee because of its heavy body and sweet chocolate, floral and woody notes.^[23]

Gallery [edit]

• 

  The Bottom Sunda Islands with Flores in the upper right

• 

• 

  Ruins belonging to a Portuguese fort, dating from the 16th century near Ende.

• 

  An ancient Ngada megalith

• 

  Dancers in Watublapi

• 

  Villager with a headress and chest ornamentation

Ship [edit]

There are at least six airports in Flores distributed along the island, ordered from west to east:

• Komodo Airport in Labuan Bajo
• Frans Sales Lega Airdrome or Ruteng airport
• Pahdamaleda Airport or Bajawa drome
• Turelelo Soa Airport in Bajawa
• H. Hasan Aroeboesman Airport or Ende aerodrome
• Frans Xavier Seda Drome or Maumere aerodrome
• Gewayantana Drome close to Larantuka city.

See also [edit]

• Dutch Empire
• Flores (Azores)
• Homo floresiensis
• Kingdom of Larantuka
• Manggarai people
• Maunura
• Nage tribe
• Portuguese Empire
• Simon Milward
• Theodorus Verhoeven

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Monk, G.A.; Fretes, Y.; Reksodiharjo-Lilley, G. (1996). The Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions Ltd. p. seven. ISBN962-593-076-0.
2. ^ Flores, Encyclopædia Britannica
3. ^ Baab, Karen L.; McNulty, Kieran P.; Harvati, Katerina (2013). "Human being floresiensis Contextualized: A Geometric Morphometric Comparative Analysis of Fossil and Pathological Man Samples". PLOS One. eight (7): e69119. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...869119B. doi:ten.1371/journal.pone.0069119. PMC3707875. PMID 23874886.
4. ^ Brown, P.; et al. (27 October 2004). "A new small-bodied hominin from the Late Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia". Nature. 431 (7012): 1055–1061. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1055B. doi:10.1038/nature02999. PMID 15514638. S2CID 26441.
5. ^ Morwood, M. J.; et al. (thirteen Oct 2005). "Further show for small-bodied hominins from the Belatedly Pleistocene of Flores, Indonesia". Nature. 437 (7061): 1012–1017. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1012M. doi:x.1038/nature04022. PMID 16229067. S2CID 4302539.
6. ^ Argue, Debbie; Groves, Colin P. (21 April 2017). "The affinities of Man floresiensis based on phylogenetic analyses of cranial, dental, and postcranial characters". Journal of Human Evolution. 107: 107–133. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.02.006. PMID 28438318.
7. ^ Sutikna, Thomas; Tocheri, Matthew W.; Morwood, Michael J.; et al. (2016). "Revised stratigraphy and chronology for Homo floresiensis at Liang Bua in Indonesia". Nature. 532 (7599): 366–369. Bibcode:2016Natur.532..366S. doi:10.1038/nature17179. hdl:1885/109256. PMID 27027286. S2CID 4469009.
8. ^ ^{a b} Fox, James J. (2003). "Tracing the path, recounting the by: historical perspectives on Timor". In Flim-flam, James J.; Soares, Dionisio Babo (eds.). Out of the Ashes: Destruction and Reconstruction of East Timor. ANU Due east Press. doi:10.22459/oa.xi.2003.01. ISBN978-0-9751229-1-four.
9. ^ 50, Klemen (1999–2000). "The Lesser Sunda Islands 1941–1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch Eastward Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
10. ^ "Deadly trouble for surf pioneer in Indonesia's new paradise". The Australian. 28 January 2017. Retrieved 17 Oct 2018.
11. ^ Manggarai Barat District includes islands like Komodo and Rinca to the west of Flores
12. ^ Flores Timur District includes islands like Adonara and Solor to the east of Flores.
13. ^ "Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010". Ntt.bps.go.id . Retrieved 25 July 2012.
14. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Dki jakarta, 2021.
15. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Dki jakarta, 2021.
16. ^ Van Den Bergh, Grand. D.; Rokhus Due Awe; Morwood, 1000. J.; Sutikna, T.; Jatmiko; Wahyu Saptomo, East. (2008). "The youngest Stegodon remains in Southeast Asia from the Belatedly Pleistocene archaeological site Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia". Quaternary International. 182 (one): 16–48. Bibcode:2008QuInt.182...16V. doi:ten.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.001.
17. ^ Meijer, Hanneke J.M.; Tocheri, Matthew West.; Due, Rokus Awe; et al. (2015). "Continental-style avian extinctions on an oceanic isle" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 429: 163–170. doi:ten.1016/j.palaeo.2015.03.041 – via repository.si.edu.
18. ^ Steenbrink (2013)
19. ^ Dagur, Ryan (28 May 2019). "Indonesia inaugurates showtime Cosmic university in Flores". La Croix International.
20. ^ Pasternack. Keli Mutu Volcanic Lakes Archived 2 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine, Academy of California Davis.
21. ^ Makur, Markus (13 March 2016). "Bicycle tours of Kelimutu boost local economic system". The Jakarta Post.
22. ^ East Nusa Tenggara Archived 10 September 2008 at the Wayback Motorcar, Indonesian Bedroom of Commerce and Industry. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
23. ^ Arabica Producing Regions of Indonesia, Specialty Coffee Association of Indonesia. Retrieved 8 August 2008.

References [edit]

• L, Klemen (1999–2000). "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch Eastward Indies Campaign 1941–1942". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
• Steenbrink, Karel (2013). "Dutch Colonial Containment of Islam in Manggarai, West-Flores, in Favour of Catholicism, 1907–1942". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 169 (one): 104–128. doi:10.1163/22134379-12340024.

External links [edit]

• Media related to Flores, Indonesia at Wikimedia Commons
• Flores & Komodo – History

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flores

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